Day 1

Introduction

The origin of nuclear weapons

The context of the Cold War

• Nuclear arms race
• Relations between superpowers

Treaty of Tlatelolco

Immediate background

• “Missile Crisis” (October 1962, Cuba)
• Initiatives in the United Nations General Assembly – 1962
• Joint Declaration for the Denuclearization of Latin America (issued by the Heads of State of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico on 29 April 1963)
• Decision to negotiate the Treaty: Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America (REUPRAL), 23 – 27 November 1964
• Negotiation of the Treaty: Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America (COPREDAL), March 1965 to February 1967

Structure of the Treaty Tlatelolco

• Preamble
• Objectives
• Control System
• Additional Protocols I and II to the Treaty
• Signature and Ratification
• Interpretative declarations

Treaty operation

• Bodies of the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)

Recent participation of the Member States

• Declarations issued by OPANAL and by the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)

Day 2

Nuclear disarmament at the global level

Nuclear disarmament

• Multilateral initiatives
• United Nations General Assembly
• Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament (ENCD, 1962-1968) – Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (CCD, 1969-1978)
• First Special Session of the General Assembly devoted to Disarmament (I SSOD) – Final Document
• Conference on Disarmament (CD, 1978)
• United Nations Disarmament Commission (UNDC)
• Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) and Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO)

Major themes on nuclear disarmament

• Fissile material
• Negative security assurances
• Outer space

Nuclear weapons and International Humanitarian Law

• International Humanitarian Law and Humanitarian Initiative
• Conferences on the Humanitarian Consequences of Nuclear Weapons: Oslo, Nayarit, and Vienna
• Humanitarian Pledge
• Activities of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
• Public opinion and nuclear disarmament
• Nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation education

Day 3

Nuclear non-proliferation regime

1. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT):

• Drafting
• Adoption
• Entry into force

2. NPT structure
3. Review Conferences of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

• 1995 Review and Extension Conference 
• 2010 NPT Review Conference
• 2015 NPT Review Conference

4. Themes of the NPT Review Conferences

• Implementation of the NPT provisions on nuclear disarmament (Article VI), as well as international peace and security
• NPT provisions on non-proliferation, safeguards and nuclear-weapons-free zones
• Inalienable right to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes

Día 4

Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones

Concept of a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone

• Establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at among the States of the region concerned (1999)

Treaties that establish Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones and Mongolia

• South Pacific (Treaty of Rarotonga, 1985)
• Southeast Asia (Treaty of Bangkok, 1995)
• Africa (Treaty of Pelindaba, 1996)
• Central Asia (Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia, 2006)
• Status of Mongolia as a nuclear-weapon-free State (1992)

Conferences of the Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones and Mongolia

• I Conference of the States Parties and Signatories to Treaties that establish nuclear-weapon-free zones and Mongolia, Mexico City, 2005
• II Conference of the States Parties and Signatories to Treaties that establish nuclear-weapon-free zones and Mongolia, New York, 2010
• III Conference of the States Parties and Signatories to Treaties that establish nuclear-weapon-free zones and Mongolia, New York, 2015

Establishment of future Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones

• Northeast Asia
• Establishment of a zone free of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East (ME-WMDFZ)
• Other United Nations initiatives

Day 5

Perspectives

Current situation of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation policy and perspectives

Evaluation of the participants

• Recommended bibliography